听豫风楚韵,品红城茶香。有人说,信阳的每一座山都飘逸着清韵茶香,每一条河都流淌着金枝玉叶。信阳的青山绿水成就了毛尖,毛尖也早已成为信阳的名片。信阳毛尖经过千百年的沉淀,它是如何制成的?一片芽叶背后隐藏着多少故事?一杯清茶诉说着怎样的历史文化?当“毛尖”遇见“奶茶”,年轻人会如何取舍?为了让更多的人了解信阳毛尖,使博大精深的茶文化如茶香飘千里,推动家乡优秀传统文化走进学校课堂、走进学生心中,2021年7月29日-30日,郑州财经学院外国语学院“小外说河南”地方传统文化教育调研团在信阳市进行了毛尖调研活动。
茶在我国是男女老少皆宜的佳饮,据世界现存最早的“茶叶百科全书”、唐代陆羽所著的《茶经》记载,“茶之为饮,发乎于神农”,可见我国的茶文化距今已有四千多年的历史。在众多种类的茶之中,信阳茶始于东周,名于唐,兴于宋,盛于清,至今已蜿蜒流淌过2300年的历史长河,北宋大文豪苏轼曾称赞“淮南茶,信阳第一”。好山好水育好茶,享有“江南北国、北国江南”之美誉和“永久宜居城市”之美称的信阳,以其得天独厚的自然条件,盛产出醇香回甘的信阳毛尖。如今,信阳毛尖被誉为中国十大名茶之一,其炒制技艺荣列河南省非物质文化遗产名录,属国家级非物质文化遗产。
Tea is a good drink for all the people in our country. According to The Classics on tea written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, which was known as the earliest extant “Encyclopedia of Tea” in the world, it said that “Tea is for drinking, and it is originated from Shennong”.It can be seen that the tea culture in China has a history of more than four thousand years. Among of tea, Xinyang tea began in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, popularized in the Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. It has flowed through a long history of 2,300 years. The great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi,once praised “ Xinyang tea is the first in Huainan area.”Xinyang, which enjoys the reputation of “The north of the south, the south of the north” and the reputation of “permanent livable city”, is blessed with its unique natural conditions to produce the mellow and sweet Xinyang Maojian tea. Because the mountains and rivers nurture good tea.Nowadays, Xinyang Maojian tea is known as one of the top ten famous teas in China, and its frying technique is listed on the Henan Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List and is a national intangible cultural heritage.
调研团队在信阳博物馆的“茶韵天香”展厅参观了泥塑手工制茶流程和工作人员的茶艺表演,观察了游客到访情况,了解到:受暴雨和疫情影响,到场参观的游客不多,其中50%是中年人,15%是年轻人,35%是中小学生,多数是父母带着孩子前去参观;在场游客中,多数人对信阳毛尖茶文化有所了解,少数游客因不太了解而去学习,极少数游客表示“只是随便逛逛”。
“千挑万选白云间,铜锅焙炒柴火煎。不经涅槃渡心劫,怎保本源一片鲜”。调研过程中,团队还采访到一位生意火爆的茶摊摊主,他详细介绍了信阳毛尖手工茶“晾青、杀青、揉捻、炒干、捋条、烘干”等一套繁难的制作工艺,表示一杯好茶源于种茶人和采茶人的辛勤劳作,成于制茶师傅对每一道工序的精益求精。这正如优秀的人格品质要经过不断地磨砺才能更好,正如我党血火中淬炼钢铁信仰,奋斗中成就百年辉煌。
闲观叶落地,品茗品人生。在信阳,随处可见茶馆茶摊,老一辈的信阳人喜欢在清晨和傍晚喝上一杯毛尖茶,与老友对弈几局。然而,面对网红奶茶成风、年轻人争相追捧的现状,传统的茶饮该如何生存,优秀的茶文化应如何推广,是学校、家庭和社会需要共同思考的问题。经过本次实践调研,团队成员认为:我们中国人自古“以茶待客”、“以茶养廉”、“以茶静心”,茶文化中有着深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的教育意义,学习茶文化有利于增进青年之间正向的情感沟通,促进人际关系和谐发展,有利于帮助青年树立正确的人生观和价值观,提高思想道德修养,有利于教导青年一代热爱劳动,不畏难、肯攻坚。为此,学校和家庭应加强地域优秀传统文化的教育,使青年学生爱上家乡文化,增强文化自豪感;当地政府和有关部门要充分发挥政府作用,整体规划,与时俱进地宣传家乡茶文化,让更多当地学生乐于成为信阳茶文化的“代言人”。
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