商丘人文精彩,古城魅力无限。坐落于商丘古城的应天书院,蕴藏着哪些文化财富?在历史上发挥了什么作用?如今又有怎样的教育价值?人们对书院的了解有多少?带着这些疑问,2021年7月19日-21日,郑州财经学院外国语学院“小外说河南”地方传统文化教育调研团来到了商丘古城对应天书院进行了调研活动。
应天书院源于后晋,兴于北宋,居我国“四大书院”之首。北宋时期,改升为“南京国子监”,成为当时的最高学府,对当时的政权巩固、人才培养和教育普及发挥了十分重要的作用;历史上,应天书院与学堂无异,为众多寒门学子提供了文化启迪,是经世治国杰出人才的摇篮,其中包含“以天下为己任”的范仲淹;1905年,改为“归德府中学堂”,即今天的商丘师范学院前身;近代时期,孙中山先生赞誉应天书院的精深文化和其对华夏教育事业的贡献,并矢志将其光大;2001年10月,李克强总理在视察商丘古城时指出应该尽快把应天书院复建起来;千余年来,在战火、天灾的侵蚀下,书院遭到严重破坏,目前重建后的应天书院被列为商丘古城的重要景点,是书院研究爱好者的首选胜地,更是青年一代瞻仰国学和传统文化的重要场所。
Yingtian Academy originated in the late Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty, ranking first among the “Four famous academies” in China. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was upgraded to “Nanjing Guozijian” and became the highest educational institution at that time. It played a very important role in the consolidation of the regime, the cultivation of talents, and the popularization of education. In history, Yingtian Academy was just like any other academy. It provided cultural enlightenment for poor students and was the cradle of outstanding talents in governing the country, including Fan Zhongyan, who “takes the world as his own responsibility”. In 1905, it was changed to “Guidefu Middle School”, the predecessor of today’s Shangqiu Normal University. In modern times, Mr. Sun Yatsen praised Yingtian Academy’s profound culture and its contribution to China’s education and was determined to make it a popular academy. In October 2001, Premier Li Keqiang visited the ancient city of Shangqiu and pointed out that Yingtian Academy should be rebuilt as soon as possible. For more than a thousand years, the academy was severely damaged by the erosion of wars and natural disasters. The reconstructed Yingtian Academy is now listed as an important scenic spot in the ancient city of Shangqiu. It is the first choice for academy research enthusiasts and also the important place for the younger generation to pay homage to traditional Chinese learning and traditional culture.
“聆听历史声音,追寻文化遗迹”,为了从书院这一千年文化积淀中汲取智慧,萃取精华,团队成员专程前往书院对游客和工作人员进行了实地采访。调研期间,团队成员了解到:在到访人数及类别方面,应天书院每年的人流量实际并不多,去参观的游客大多是经过朋友推荐或是当地人前去游玩,游客中70%是中年人,25%是年轻人,5%是中小学生;在了解程度方面,多数游客对应天书院的了解程度局限于“知道、听说过”,并没有深入或专门学习过,甚至还有市民和学生没有去参观的想法,不过据悉应天书院是许多学者以及历史研究者、爱好者的首选,商丘市大中小学教师大多也对应天书院的历史有所了解。在调研的过程中,团队有幸采访到了中国范仲淹研究会理事,商丘市范仲淹研究会副会长——孙纲先生,他表示有很多高校的学生会在实践中将应天书院作为调研项目,但是书院还未建立起“一院一校”的合作关系并定期开展参观教育。虽然书院的规模不大、建筑不多,但其所蕴藏的文化底蕴足够学生为之前往并深入钻研,希望未来学校教育中能更多融入对应天书院的宣传和介绍,加强学生的国学教育,激发学生对传统文化的学习热情。
此次实践调研活动使团队成员了解了应天书院在我国教育、文化和思想史上的重要地位和突出贡献,学习了范仲淹“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”的爱国主义胸怀,在实践中增强了对家乡优秀传统文化的自信,深刻感受到了文化带来的自豪感,同时也增强了大家保护和弘扬传统文化的决心和信念,为今后更好地宣传书院文化、助力传统文化教育打下了坚实基础。
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