莎士比亚(公元1564-1616年)是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最伟大的剧作家和诗人。莎翁写过154首十四行诗,他的十四行诗,是世界诗坛上的一颗明珠。它感情丰富,寓意深刻、语言优美、节奏鲜明,是诗人进步世界观和艺术观的生动反映。就其艺术力量和意象的丰富而言,足以和他的戏剧媲美。本·琼生称他为“时代的灵魂”,马克思称他和古希腊的埃斯库罗斯为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。
Sonnet 18
William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature‘s changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand‘rest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格,包括三个四行组和一个对偶句,采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式,即abab cdcd efef gg。诗人将自己的心上人比作夏日的一天,又指出夏天其实没有那么完美,夏天不光不完美,还有狂风、骄阳和阴暗;诗人接着又说任何美丽都会时过境迁,而只要这些诗篇流传,他就永远活在人们心间。
莎士比亚体的十四行诗为五音步抑扬格,也就是在一个诗行中有10个音节,每两个音节是一个音步,共有五个音步。每个音步里的两个音节中,前一个是弱读音节,后一个是重读音节,称为抑扬格,因而称作五音步抑扬格。
分享我最喜欢的几句诗:
Shall I compare thee to a summer‘s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st.
So long as men can breathe ,or eyes can see ,So long lives this ,and this gives life to thee.
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